What material was primarily used for the roof of the Parthenon?

The primary material used for the roof of the Parthenon was wood. The structure itself, particularly the columns and other visible parts of the Parthenon, are constructed from Pentelic marble, which gives the temple its iconic appearance. However, the roof was traditionally built using wooden beams and materials, reflecting the common construction practices of ancient Greek temples.

Wood was favored for roofing due to its availability and the ability to create a lightweight yet effective structure. It also allowed for the construction of a pitched roof, which is essential for weather drainage. Although marble has a prominent role in the overall aesthetics and structural integrity of the Parthenon, particularly in the columns and friezes, the roof's functionality relied on wooden elements to provide shelter and protect the interior spaces from the elements.